Systems and methods for gesture-based formatting

ABSTRACT

The present disclosure provides systems and methods displaying and formatting text on an electronic display. A gesture input may be received via a gesture input device associated with the electronic display. For instance, a touchscreen may receive a touch gesture input. Each of a plurality of gesture inputs may be associated with a formatting rule and/or a text-component for selecting a portion of displayed text. Selected text may be formatted according to the formatting rule associated with the received gesture input. The formatted text may be displayed on the electronic display. A data store may associate each of the plurality of gesture inputs with a formatting rule that can be applied to selected text. Alternatively, a data store may associate each of the plurality of gesture inputs with a formatting rule and a text-component that defines to which component of text the formatting rule should be applied.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/997,022, filed Jan. 1, 2016, entitled SYSTEMS AND METHODS FORGESTURE-BASED FORMATTING, which is a continuation of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 14/820,392, filed Aug. 6, 2015, entitled SYSTEMSAND METHODS FOR GESTURE-BASED FORMATTING, the disclosure of both ofwhich are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to the field of textualformatting on touchscreen devices. More specifically, the presentdisclosure relates to formatting text based on gesture inputs performedusing one or more fingers, such as multi-touch gesture inputs.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Non-limiting and non-exhaustive embodiments of the disclosure aredescribed herein, including various embodiments of the disclosureillustrated in the figures listed below.

FIG. 1A illustrates a user performing a two-finger pinch/spread gestureinput on a touchscreen device to apply a bold formatting to selectedtext.

FIG. 1B illustrates the bold formatting applied to the selected text inresponse to the two-finger pinch/spread gesture input.

FIG. 2A illustrates a user performing a two-finger tap gesture input ona touchscreen device to add quotation mark formatting around selectedtext.

FIG. 2B illustrates the quotation mark formatting applied to theselected text in response to the two-finger tap gesture input.

FIG. 3A illustrates a user performing a two-finger twist gesture inputon a touchscreen device to apply an italics formatting to selected text.

FIG. 3B illustrates the italics formatting applied to the selected textin response to the two-finger twist gesture input.

FIG. 4A illustrates a user performing a one-finger diagonal swipegesture input on a touchscreen device to apply strikethrough formattingto selected text.

FIG. 4B illustrates the strikethrough formatting applied to the selectedtext in response to the one-finger diagonal swipe gesture input.

FIG. 5A illustrates a user performing a one-finger horizontal swipegesture input on a touchscreen device to apply a bulleted listformatting to selected text.

FIG. 5B illustrates the bulleted list formatting applied to the selectedtext in response to the one-finger horizontal swipe gesture input.

FIG. 6A illustrates a user performing a reverse one-finger horizontalswipe gesture input on a touchscreen device to remove a bulleted listformatting from selected text.

FIG. 6B illustrates the bulleted list formatting removed from theselected text in response to the reverse one-finger horizontal swipegesture input.

FIG. 7A illustrates a user performing a reverse one-finger horizontalswipe gesture input on a touchscreen device to delete underlying text.

FIG. 7B illustrates the text deleted in response to the reverseone-finger horizontal swipe gesture input.

FIG. 8A illustrates a user converting a bullet point into a checkboxusing a one-finger press and hold gesture input.

FIG. 8B illustrates the checkbox in place of the bullet point inresponse to the one-finger press and hold gesture input.

FIG. 9A illustrates a user dragging a bullet point via a hold and draggesture input on a touchscreen device to rearrange the order of textobjects in a bulleted list.

FIG. 9B illustrates the text objects in the bulleted list rearrangedbased on the hold and drag gesture input.

FIG. 10A illustrates a user rearranging the order of paragraphs of textusing a hold and drag gesture input on a paragraph displayed on atouchscreen device.

FIG. 10B illustrates two paragraphs rearranged based on the hold anddrag gesture input.

FIG. 11A illustrates a user deleting a selected paragraph by performinga flicking gesture input on a touchscreen device.

FIG. 11B illustrates the paragraph of text deleted in response to theflicking gesture input.

FIG. 12A illustrates a user performing a three-finger horizontal draggesture input on a touchscreen device to modify a justificationformatting of selected text from left-justified to center-justified.

FIG. 12B illustrates the selected text with a center-justificationformatting applied in response to the three-finger horizontal draggesture input.

FIG. 12C illustrates the user performing the three-finger horizontaldrag gesture input on the touchscreen device to modify the justificationformatting of the selected text from center-justified toright-justified.

FIG. 12D illustrates the selected text with a right-justificationformatting applied in response to the three-finger horizontal draggesture input.

FIG. 12E illustrates a user performing a swiping gesture associated withan underling formatting rule.

FIG. 12F illustrates the underlining formatting rule applied to theunderlying text.

FIG. 12G illustrates previously selected text having a highlightingformatting rule applied with a two-finger upward gesture.

FIG. 12H illustrates a two-finger horizontal swiping gesture used toapply a highlighting formatting rule to underlying text.

FIG. 13 illustrates a flow chart of one example of a method for applyinga gesture-based format to selected text.

FIG. 14 illustrates a flow chart of another example of a method forapplying a gesture-based format to selected text.

FIG. 15 illustrates an example of a system that provides forgesture-based text formatting.

FIG. 16A illustrates formatting options along sequentially selectablehorizontal and vertical continuums, according to various embodiments.

FIG. 16B illustrates formatting options along sequentially selectablehorizontal and vertical continuums, according to an alternativeembodiment.

FIG. 17A illustrates a swipe from left to right to select a bold headingformatting option along a horizontal continuum of formatting options.

FIG. 17B illustrates a swipe from right to left to revert to a defaultformatting option along a horizontal continuum of formatting options.

FIG. 18A illustrates a swipe from left to right to select a bullet pointformatting option along a horizontal continuum of formatting options.

FIG. 18B illustrates a second swipe from left to right to select acheckbox formatting option along a horizontal continuum of formattingoptions.

FIG. 18C illustrates that a checkbox formatting option can be selectedby swiping from left to right twice to select a second formatting optionalong a horizontal continuum of formatting options.

FIG. 18D illustrates three swipes from left to right to select asub-bullet point formatting option as a third formatting option along ahorizontal continuum of formatting options.

FIG. 18E illustrates another example of three swipes being used toselect a sub-bullet point formatting option along a horizontal continuumof formatting options.

FIG. 18F illustrates a long swipe from left to right to select a secondformatting option along a horizontal continuum of formatting optionswithout having to perform two distinct swipes.

FIG. 18G illustrates a vertical swipe from top to bottom to select asecond formatting option along a vertical continuum of formattingoptions.

FIG. 18H illustrates a diagonal swipe from top left to bottom right toselect a formatting option of a letter along a diagonal continuum offormatting options.

FIG. 18I illustrates a document that has various formatting optionsapplied using nothing but swiping gestures to select formatting optionsalong vertical, horizontal, and diagonal continuums of formattingoptions.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

According to various embodiments of the presently described systems andmethods, gesture inputs, provided, for example, via a touchscreen of anelectronic device, may be used to selectively apply formatting to textdisplayable on a display of the electronic device. Each of a pluralityof formatting rules may be associated with a unique formatting rule,thereby allowing an operator to perform one or more gesture inputs toquickly, and potentially with a reduced number of inputs, apply one ormore formatting rules to a portion of text displayed or displayable onan electronic device.

Many electronic devices include electronic displays associated withtouch-sensitive or other gesture-recognizing input devices. For example,smartphones, tablets, computer monitors, laptops, and various otherelectronic devices include touchscreen display input devices. Othergesture input devices, such as trackpads, finger/stylus positionrecognition devices (e.g., optical, ultrasonic, RF, etc.), and/or otherinput devices, may be associated with electronic displays (touchscreenor otherwise) capable of displaying and formatting text.

For example, a laptop may include an electronic display that may or maynot include a touch-sensitive digitizer and a touch-sensitive trackpad.As another example, a portable electronic device, such as a tablet orcellular phone, may include a touch input device that incorporates oneor more of an active digitizer, a resistive digitizer, a capacitivedigitizer, a pressure-sensitive digitizer, an acoustic digitizer, and aninfrared digitizer.

Regardless of how a gesture input is electronically detected by theelectronic device, a gesture input is associated with at least oneformatting rule. The formatting rule may be selectively applied to textor other objects displayed or displayable on the electronic device. Anoperator of the electronic device may provide the selection of text towhich the formatting rule associated with a received gesture input is tobe applied. In some embodiments, the selection of the text to which theformatting rule is to be applied is provided before the gesture input isprovided. In other embodiments, the order of receiving the gesture inputand the text selection can be reversed.

In some embodiments, a gesture input is associated with at least oneformatting rule and a text-component that identifies or selects acomponent of text to which the formatting rule is to be applied. Thetext-component associated with a gesture input may be explicitly definedor may be contextually determined. For example, a text selection for aspecific gesture input may be defined as a text-component underlying thereceived gesture input or proximate (e.g., before, after, below, above,etc.) a cursor location. Thus, the size or footprint of a receivedgesture input may be contextually used to select a phrase (a relativelysmall gesture input) or a paragraph (a relatively large gesture input)for the application of an associated formatting rule.

As another example, a formatting gesture associated with indentationsmight be contextually interpreted as being associated with a paragraphof text or text between two page or section breaks. Similarly, aformatting gesture associated with a bullet point or numbered list mightbe contextually interpreted as being associated with a sentence,paragraph, or a carriage return.

In some embodiments, the text-component associated with a gesture inputmay be explicitly defined as one of a phrase selection, a clauseselection, a sentence selection, a paragraph selection, a bulleted listitem selection, a numbered list item selection, or an ordered list itemselection.

Various components of the embodiments as generally described andillustrated in the figures herein could be arranged and designed in awide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following moredetailed description of various embodiments, as represented in thefigures, is not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure, asclaimed, but is merely representative of various embodiments.

Many mobile devices and touchscreen devices have limited space availablefor controls. Many of these devices incorporate control features thatare implemented using a primary display manipulated by touch, and agroup of secondary on-screen controls and/or menus that may be used whencalled upon by a user of a touchscreen device. The on-screen controlsmay include a keyboard or a group of buttons (whether physical orvirtual) that take up a portion of the display and/or device.Additionally, in many cases it is difficult for the user of thetouchscreen device to use more than one hand to operate the device. Forexample, the user may use one hand to hold the touchscreen device andthe other hand to operate the device. Formatting text on a mobile ortouchscreen device is often difficult and/or time-consuming and mayrequire accessing menus, submenus, multiple clicks, option selections,scrolling, and/or other cumbersome manipulation sequences to select adesired formatting.

As previously described, a plurality of gesture inputs may berecognizable by software, hardware, and/or firmware that associatesspecific gesture inputs as being associated with formatting rules on theelectronic device and/or a software application executable by theelectronic device (e.g., text and/or document editing software). In someembodiments, the user may be able to select text using the operatingsystem's selection cursor or other means. The user may then perform agesture input using one or more fingers by, for example, touching thescreen of the device with the one or more fingers and manipulating theone or more fingers in a predefined manner. Software, hardware, and/orfirmware associated with the electronic device may recognize orinterpret the gesture input to apply the associated formatting to theselected text.

In other embodiments, the system may format text without the need forthe user to explicitly select text using the selection cursor of theoperating system and/or text editing application. For example, asoftware solution or other system incorporating the gesture-basedformatting embodiments described herein may be configured to detectwhere one paragraph ends and another paragraph begins and/or otherwisedistinguish between different phrases, sentence clauses, sentences,paragraphs, bulleted list items, numbered list items, and/or otherordered list items.

A gesture input may be performed to indicate a specific formatting forthe contextually recognized text selection. For example, the system maydetect the target paragraph, indicated by the gesture input, and applythe specified formatting. In some embodiments, the gesture inputs usedto indicate formatting may be predefined by the system. In otherembodiments, the system may allow a user to define custom gesture inputsfor different types of textual formatting. By using gesture inputsinstead of on-screen controls, menus, and sub-menus users may be able toformat text with significantly enhanced speed.

The phrases “connected to” and “in communication with” include any formof communication between two or more components, including mechanical,electrical, magnetic, and electromagnetic interaction. Two componentsmay be connected to or in communication with each other, even thoughthey may not be in direct contact with each other, and/or even thoughthere may be intermediary devices between the two components.

As used herein, the term “electronic device” may refer to any of a widevariety of wireless or wired electronic devices capable of datacommunication, including sensors, controllers, monitors, communicationdevices, personal electronic devices, computers, laptops, tablets,personal computers, network devices, routers, hubs, switches, networknode devices, network host devices, control devices, and the like.

Some of the infrastructure that can be used with embodiments disclosedherein is already available, such as: general-purpose computers,computer programming tools and techniques, digital storage media, andcommunications networks. An electronic device may include a processingunit, such as a microprocessor, microcontroller, logic circuitry, or thelike. The processing unit may include a special-purpose processingdevice, such as an ASIC, PAL, PLA, PLD, FPGA, or other customized orprogrammable device. Accordingly, as used herein the term “processor”should be broadly understood to include any of a wide variety ofhardware, firmware, and/or software combinations capable of executinginstructions, whether encoded in hardware or software.

An electronic device may also include and/or be associated with (e.g.,remote access) any of a wide variety of computer-readable storagedevices for usage as data stores, such as non-volatile memory, staticRAM, dynamic RAM, ROM, CD-ROM, disk, tape, magnetic memory, opticalmemory, flash memory, or other computer-readable storage medium.

Aspects of certain embodiments described herein may be implemented assoftware modules or components. As used herein, a software module orcomponent may include any type of computer instruction or computerexecutable code located within or on a computer-readable storage mediumlocated locally or remotely. A software module may, for instance,comprise one or more physical or logical blocks of computerinstructions, which may be organized as a routine, program, object,component, data structure, etc., that performs one or more tasks orimplements particular abstract data types. Similarly, hardware modulesmay include any of a wide variety of electrical, mechanical, and/orbiological components. Thus, a module in general may refer to anycombination of software, hardware, and/or firmware components configuredto function a particular way. Any of a wide variety of programminglanguages and/or hardware architectures may be utilized in conjunctionwith the various embodiments described herein.

In some cases, well-known features, structures, or operations are notshown or described in detail. Furthermore, the described features,structures, or operations may be combined in any suitable manner in oneor more embodiments. It is also understood that the components of theembodiments, as generally described and illustrated in the figuresherein, could be arranged and designed in a wide variety of differentconfigurations. In addition, the steps of a method do not necessarilyneed to be executed in any specific order, or even sequentially, norneed the steps be executed only once, unless explicitly specified orinfeasible otherwise.

The embodiments of the disclosure may be understood by reference to thedrawings, wherein like parts are designated by like numerals throughout.The components of the disclosed embodiments, as generally described andillustrated in the figures herein, could be arranged and designed in awide variety of different configurations. Any of the various embodimentsdescribed herein may be combined in whole or in part with any otherembodiment described herein.

FIG. 1A illustrates a user 175 performing a two-finger pinch/spreadgesture input 150 on a touchscreen device 100 to apply a bold formatting126 to the selected text. The text 125 may have been explicitly selectedpreviously, contextually selected based on the lack of any other text onthe screen, contextually selected based on the text 125 being the mostrecently edited text, contextually selected based on a default selectionof “all displayed text” in the absence of any other explicit selection,and/or otherwise selected.

FIG. 1B illustrates the bold formatting 126 applied to the selected text125 in response to the two-finger pinch/spread gesture input 150. Atouchscreen device 100 is depicted with displayed on-screen text.

In FIG. 1A, the user (i.e., operator) 175 begins the gesture input 150with an on-screen pinch using the thumb and forefinger. To complete thegesture input 150, the thumb and forefinger fan outward, as indicated bythe arrows. Once the gesture input 150 is completed, the system (e.g.,software, hardware, or firmware) interprets the gesture input 150 andcorrelates or otherwise associates it to a specific text formattingrule. In the illustrated embodiments, the pinch/spread gesture 150 isassociated with the bold formatting 126. The bold formatting 126 isapplied to the selected text 125, as shown in FIG. 1B.

In each of FIGS. 1A-12D, a gesture input is shown being received by atouchscreen digitizer of the electronic device. Thus, each of thegestures is illustrated on a touchscreen device. However, each of theillustrated embodiments could be modified or adapted for use with analternative system. As previously described, a gesture input maycomprise a movement of one or more fingers or hands that is detected bythe electronic device in any manner. For instance, gestures to thoseillustrated in FIGS. 1A-12D could be detected by an electronic deviceusing optical recognition, radio frequency recognition, and/oracoustical recognition. Relatedly, in embodiments in which a touch inputdevice is utilized, the touch input device may rely on technologiesrelated to resistive digitizers, capacitive digitizers,pressure-sensitive digitizers, acoustic digitizers, and/or infrareddigitizers.

In each of the illustrated embodiments, a finger, multiple fingers,and/or a hand of a user/operator is shown as performing the gesture. Itis appreciated that other body parts may be used to provide gestureinputs that are recognizable by the electronic device, whetheroptically, acoustically, capacitively, resistively, or otherwise.Additionally, a stylus (active or passive) or other input instrument maybe utilized in lieu of or in addition to the fingers or other body partsof a user.

Moreover, in each of the illustrated embodiments of FIGS. 1A-12D, agesture input is illustrated as being associated with a single, specificformatting rule. In alternative embodiments, a single gesture input maybe associated with more than one formatting rule. As one example, asingle gesture input comprising a pinch/spread while sliding from leftto right may be associated with a bold format rule and an underliningformat rule. As another example, a single gesture input that is normallyassociated with adding a bullet point may be exaggerated to also apply abold formatting and/or performed at an angle/diagonal to also apply anitalics formatting. The force of a touch input could also be used as afactor to, for example, apply bold formatting during text entry and/orconcurrently with a gesture input associated with another formattingrule.

Finally, in each of the illustrated embodiments of FIGS. 1A-12D, theformatting rule is illustrated as being applied to selected text withouta specific illustration of how the specific text is selected.Accordingly, it should be understood that the text selection may beexplicitly made using other text selection tools external to thegesture-based formatting solution (e.g., via cursor selection) or thetext selection may be made contextually. Alternatively, text selectionmay be made based on a defined text-component (e.g., sentence,paragraph, clause, etc.) associated with the gesture input.

FIG. 2A illustrates a user 275 performing a two-finger tap gesture input250 on a touchscreen device 200 to add quotation mark formatting aroundselected text 225. In various embodiments, a gesture input (such asgesture input 250) involving explicitly selected text or the only textcurrently displayed does not necessarily require the gesture input to beperformed proximate to (i.e., at or near) the location of the displayedtext.

That is, in various embodiments, gesture inputs that involve explicitlyselected text may be performed at any location on the screen of thetouchscreen device. In other embodiments, the on-screen location of thegesture input may be important and the system may correlate a gestureinput to specific text formatting based on the on-screen location of thegesture input.

FIG. 2B illustrates the quotation mark formatting 226 applied to theselected text in response to the two-finger tap gesture input 250.

FIG. 3A illustrates a user 375 performing a two-finger twist gestureinput 350 on a touchscreen device 300 to apply an italics formatting 326to selected text 325. FIG. 3B illustrates the italics formatting 326applied to the selected text 325 in response to the two-finger twistgesture input 350. The two-finger twist gesture input 350 may becompleted by placing two fingers onto the screen and twisting them in acounter-clockwise (or alternatively clockwise) manner, as shown in FIG.3A. As a specific example, the user 375 is depicted as using the thumband forefinger to perform the gesture input 350.

Many of gesture inputs described herein may be performed using anycombination of fingers (e.g., thumb and forefinger, forefinger andmiddle finger, etc.). For various gesture inputs, it is the placementand/or motion of the fingers or other input device(s) that defines thegesture input.

FIG. 4A illustrates a user 475 performing a one-finger diagonal swipegesture input 450 on a touchscreen device 400 to apply strikethroughformatting 426 to selected text 425. FIG. 4B illustrates thestrikethrough formatting 426 applied to the selected text 425 inresponse to the one-finger diagonal swipe gesture input 450.

FIG. 5A illustrates a user 575 performing a one-finger horizontal swipegesture input 550 on a touchscreen device 500 to apply a bulleted listformatting 526 to selected text 525. FIG. 5B illustrates the bulletedlist formatting 526 applied to the selected text 525 in response to theone-finger horizontal swipe gesture input 550.

FIG. 6A illustrates a user 675 performing a reverse one-fingerhorizontal swipe gesture input 650 on a touchscreen device 600 to removea bulleted list formatting 626 from selected text 625. FIG. 6Billustrates the bulleted list formatting 626 removed from the selectedtext 625 in response to the reverse one-finger horizontal swipe gestureinput 650.

FIG. 7A illustrates a user 775 performing a reverse one-fingerhorizontal swipe gesture input 750 on a touchscreen device 700 to deleteunderlying text 725. FIG. 7B illustrates the underlying text 725 deletedin response to the reverse one-finger horizontal swipe gesture input750.

FIG. 8A illustrates a user 875 converting a bullet point of text 825into a checkbox 826 using a one-finger press and hold gesture input 850on a touchscreen device 800. FIG. 8B illustrates the checkbox 826 inplace of the bullet point of text 825 in response to the one-fingerpress and hold gesture input 850.

FIG. 9A illustrates a user 975 dragging a bullet point of text 925 via ahold and drag gesture input 950 on a touchscreen device 900 to rearrangethe order of text objects in a bulleted list. FIG. 9B illustrates thetext objects in the bulleted list rearranged based on the hold and draggesture input 950, at 926.

FIG. 10A illustrates a user 1075 rearranging the order of paragraphs oftext using a hold and drag gesture input 1050 on a paragraph displayedon a touchscreen device 1000. FIG. 10B illustrates two paragraphsrearranged based on the hold and drag gesture input 1050.

FIG. 11A illustrates a user 1175 deleting a selected paragraph byperforming a flicking gesture input 1150 on a touchscreen device 1000.FIG. 11B illustrates the paragraph of text deleted in response to theflicking gesture input 1150.

FIG. 12A illustrates a user 1275 performing a three-finger horizontaldrag gesture input 1250 on a touchscreen device 1200 to modify ajustification formatting of selected text 1225 from left-justified (FIG.12A) to center-justified (FIG. 12B). FIG. 12B illustrates the selectedtext 1226 with a center-justification formatting applied in response tothe three-finger horizontal drag gesture input 1250.

FIG. 12C illustrates the user 1275 performing the same three-fingerhorizontal drag gesture input 1250 on the touchscreen device 1200 tomodify the justification formatting of the selected text 1226 fromcenter-justified (FIGS. 12B and 12C) to right-justified (FIG. 12D). FIG.12D illustrates the selected text 1227 with a right-justificationformatting applied in response to the three-finger horizontal draggesture input 1250.

FIG. 12E illustrates the user 1275 performing a swiping gesture 1250 onthe touchscreen device 1200 to add underline formatting to theunderlying text 1225. In the illustrated embodiment, the gestureassociated with underlining is a horizontal swiping gesture. In someembodiment's, the horizontal swiping gesture might be broken into twoparts in which the finger is lifted (or a change in pressure is made)for part of the swipe. FIG. 12F illustrates the underlining formattingrule applied to the underlying text 1225.

FIG. 12G illustrates previously selected text 1225 having a highlightingformatting rule applied with a two-finger upward gesture 1250. The text1225 may have been selected in any of a variety of manners, includingcontextually, based on the location, pressure, or size (area) of thegesture 1250. The text 1225 may have been selected using cursors and/ora series of taps. In one embodiment a single tap may select anunderlying letter, a second tap may select a word, a third tap mayselect a phrase, a fourth tap may select a sentence, a fifth tap mayselect a paragraph, a six tap may select a section or a page. In variousembodiments, any of the text components listed above may be selectedusing any number of taps.

FIG. 12H illustrates a two-finger horizontal swiping gesture 1250 usedto apply a highlighting formatting rule 1225 to underlying text. In theillustrated embodiment, the portion of text to which the formatting ruleis applied may be based on the size of the gesture, contextually basedon recent changes to portions of the underlying text (i.e., only applythe formatting rule to the portion of text most recently changed orchanged within a predetermined time period), based on the pressureapplied during the gesture, and/or based on the type of formatting beingapplied. In some embodiments a color of the highlighting might beselected using a gesture, such as for example a gesture resembling aletter or letters (e.g., the first and/or second letter) associated witha desired color.

FIG. 13 illustrates a flow chart of one example of a method 1300 forapplying a gesture-based format to selected text. Initially, text may bedisplayed on an electronic display, at 1302. A user may use theoperating system's selection cursor or other selection approach specificto a document or text editing application to explicitly select a groupor portion of text within a body of text. After the selection of atleast a portion of the text is received, at 1304, the user may performan on-screen gesture input, such as a pinch or a swipe, at 1306.

The system may correlate or otherwise identify one or more specific textformatting functions (i.e., formatting rules), such as bolding,bulleting, italicizing, highlighting, reordering, justifying, etc., at1308. The one or more formatting rules may then be applied to theselected portion of the text 1310.

FIG. 14 illustrates a flow chart of another example of a method 1400 forapplying a gesture-based format to selected text. Text may be displayedon an electronic display, at 1402. A gesture input may be received,1404, via a touch-sensitive device associated with the electronicdisplay. A formatting rule associated with the received gesture inputmay be identified, at 1406. At least a portion of the displayed text maybe identified as selected text, at 1408, as defined by the receivedgesture input and/or contextually based on the type of gesture input,size of the gesture input, location of the gesture input, the mostrecently edited or added text, and/or other contextual factors.

The identified formatting rule may be applied to the selected text, at1410. The formatting rule may include various formatting changes to theexisting text, such as bolding, bulleting, italicizing, highlighting,reordering, justifying, etc.

FIG. 15 illustrates an example of a system 1500 that provides forgesture-based text formatting. As illustrated, the system 1500 mayinclude access to local or remote memory 1510 or another non-transitoryor transitory computer-readable medium. A processor (which may includemultiple processors 1502) may be connected, at 1511, to the memory 1510,a network interface 1508, and/or an I/O interface 1506. An externalnetwork 1590 may be available as well.

The memory 1510 may include various modules 1520 and/or program data1540 to execute the systems and methods described herein. One or more ofthe illustrated modules 1520 and program data 1540 may be omitted,duplicated, combined with other modules 1520 and/or program data 1540,and/or further subdivided into sub-modules. As illustrated, anelectronic display module 1522 may be configured to display text and/orother graphical elements on an electronic display associated with thesystem 1500. A gesture input device module 1523 may be configured toreceive gesture inputs (potentially via I/O interface 1506 or anotherwired or wireless connection). A text display module 1524 may beconfigured to function in conjunction with the electronic display module1522 to display text on the electronic device. A gesture inputidentification module 1525 may be configured to identify which of aplurality of gesture inputs has been provided by a user and which of aplurality of formatting rule(s) are associated with the received gestureinput.

As previously described, in some embodiments one or more of the gestureinputs are associated with text-components that identify to whichportion of the text an identified formatting rule(s) should be applied.In such embodiments, a text-component identification module 1526 mayidentify which text-component is associated with a received gestureinput.

In various embodiments, a data format adaptation module 1527 maydetermine in which of a plurality of data formats the text is stored andthen apply the identified formatting rule for the selected textaccording to the protocols of the particular data format. For example,each of the plurality of formatting rules may be defined for applicationto text stored in any number of data formats, such as XML, JSON, TOML,and HTML. The data format adaptation module 1527 may determine theprotocol for modifying the data file that stores the text to, forexample, tag the appropriate text with the identified formatting rule.

A contextual text selection module 1529 may perform the contextualanalyses described herein to select text for the application of anidentified formatting rule. The program data 1540 may include a datastore of various gesture inputs 1542, formatting rules 1543, formattingdata formats (e.g., XML, JSON, etc.) 1544, text-component types 1545,and/or contextual historical data 1546. As specified herein, the programdata 1540 may comprise a data store that associates each of a pluralityof gesture inputs 1542 with one or more formatting rules 1543 and, insome embodiments, one or more text-component types 1545.

FIG. 16A illustrates formatting options along sequentially selectablehorizontal and vertical continuums, according to various embodiments. Invarious embodiments, text may be originally typed or presented in adefault state. The default state may be any font type or font size andmay have any of the wide variety of formatting rules applied to it thatare discussed herein. In one simple embodiment, text is originallyentered by a user in a Times New Roman font with a size 11. No otherformatting rules are applied to the text. A user may then swipe withone, two, three, or four fingers to apply a formatting rule to the textby selecting a style or formatting rule from along a continuum of stylesor formatting rules.

In the illustrated embodiment, a user may enter text in a defaultformat. By swiping (one, two, three, or four fingers) over the text fromleft to right, the user may apply a formatting rule “Arial Black” to theunderlying text. A subsequent swipe from left to right may apply aformatting rule “Century Gothic.” A subsequent swipe from left to rightmay apply a formatting rule “Tahoma,” and a final swipe from left toright may apply a formatting rule “Verdana.” Each swipe can be thoughtof as changing a state of the underlying text to apply a style orformatting rule from along a continuum of formatting rules.

If the text was in the “Century Gothic” state the text would beformatted by applying a “Century Gothic” font to the text. Swiping fromleft to right would apply a “Tahoma” formatting rule. Swiping from rightto left would apply an “Arial Black” formatting rule. A subsequent swipefrom right to left would return the text to a default state. Anotherswipe from right to left would apply a “Georgia” formatting rule. Eachsubsequent swipe from right to left would apply the formatting rules“Cooper Black” and “Cambria” from along the continuum of formattingrules.

In the illustrated embodiment, the horizontal continuum of formattingrules are merely fonts and only eight total options are illustratedalong the horizontal continuum. In other embodiments, any number ofoptions may be available along the horizontal continuum and may includeany of formatting options described herein or combinations thereof. Insome embodiments, swipes in one direction from the default formattingrule may move along a continuum of serif fonts and swipes in theopposite direction may move along a continuum of sans serif fonts.

Thus, it is contemplated that a horizontal continuum of formattingoptions can be made accessible to a user via swipes to the left andright. In some embodiments, it may not matter if the swipe is made withone, two, three, four, or five fingers. In each case, the formattingoptions from along the continuum of formatting options would be appliedbased on the previous state and the number of received swipes to theleft or to the right.

In some embodiments, a single finger touch input may be used to moveobjects, so formatting options may be selected from along the continuumof formatting options using two, three, four, or five fingers. In somemore complex embodiments, multiple horizontal continuums may beaccessible at the same time based on the number of figures used in theswipe.

For example, two-finger swipes to the left and right may be used tocycle through a continuum of fonts. Three-finger swipes to the left andright may be used to cycle through a continuum of heading styles. Eachheading style may include multiple formatting rules that will be appliedto the selected text. For instance, a heading style may apply a font,font size, underlining, bold, italics, indentation, text centering,and/or any combination of formatting rules. Returning to the example,four-finger swipes to the left of a default location may be used tocycle through a continuum of text justification formatting rules (e.g.,right, center, left, justified, etc.) while four-finger swipes to theright of the default location may be used to cycle through a continuumof indentation locations for the selected text, sentence, paragraph,etc.

In various embodiments, swipe gestures may be applied or associated withunderlying text, the nearest text, text to the left of the swipelocation, text to the right of the swipe location, and/or underlyingtext independent of a cursor location.

Returning to FIG. 16A, a vertical continuum of formatting options mayalso be accessible through vertical swipes. As previously discussed, insome embodiments a single vertical continuum may be available regardlessof the number of fingers used to make the swipe, and in otherembodiments the number of fingers use to make the swipe may be used toindicate along which of a plurality of continuums of formatting optionsa user would like to navigate.

In the illustrated embodiment, vertical swipes from bottom to top maysequentially cycle through bullet options from a bullet point to acheckbox, to a sub-bullet point, or to a dashed line. In someembodiments, the vertical continuum may include number lists andmultilevel lists as well. In other embodiments, a first number offingers (e.g., two) may be used to cycle through the continuum of bulletpoint formatting options through vertical swipes, a second number offingers (e.g., three) may be used to cycle through a continuum ofnumbered lists, and a third number of fingers (e.g., four) may be usedto cycle through a continuum of multilevel lists.

As illustrated, a continuum of formatting options may include variousstyles as well, where each style is associated with one to a pluralityof formatting rules. In the illustrated embodiment, a continuum ofstyles 1, 2, and 3 are available by swiping from top to bottom to cyclethrough the available options along the vertical continuum.

In some embodiments, fast swipes, long swipes, or swipes in quicksuccession may navigate along a continuum by more than one state orlocation. For example, if a user has swiped from left to right twice andfrom top to bottom three times, the “Century Gothic” font may be appliedwith a dashed line bullet point. A single long swipe (e.g., more thanhalf the screen, more than three-quarters of the screen, or to the edgeof a screen) from top to bottom may skip the sub-bullet point option andapply the bullet point option. In such an embodiment, the long swipeeffectively moves the text by two states along the continuum offormatting options. Thus, a long swipe from right to left might removethe “Century Gothic” formatting and return the text to default andanother long swipe from right to left might apply a “Cooper Black”formatting rule.

In some embodiments, each continuum may wrap around the edges. Thus, iftext is in a “Cambria” state and a user swipes from right to left, theformatting option “Verdana” might be applied. In other embodiments, theformatting options along the continuum may not wrap around the edges.

While FIG. 16A illustrates vertical and horizontal continuums offormatting options, it is appreciated that diagonal continuums arepossible as well, as are pinch continuums. For example, each successivepinch inward or pinch outward might cycle through a continuum of fontsizes, fonts, and/or other formatting options.

Any of the various formatting options and formatting rules describedherein may be placed along any number of continuums accessible throughhorizontal swipe gestures, vertical swipe gestures, diagonal swipegestures, or pinch gestures. In some embodiments, distinct continuumsmay be accessible based on the number of figures used, while in otherembodiments the number of figures used may be irrelevant.

Each continuum of formatting rules, formatting options, and/orformatting styles may include any number of options and may or may notbe state determinative. For example, in some embodiments, horizontalswipes may navigate along different horizontal continuums of formattingoptions depending on the current state or position selected along thevertical continuum of formatting options. In other embodiments, thehorizontal continuum of formatting options may be the same (e.g., allowa user to cycle through fonts or bullet point styles, or indentationlocations) regardless of what formatting options have been applied bymoving through the formatting options available along another continuumof formatting options (e.g., vertical, diagonal, or pinch continuums).

FIG. 16B illustrates an alternative embodiment in which the formattingoptions navigable along each of the continuums is different than thatshown in FIG. 16A. Specifically, horizontal swipes from left to rightmay sequentially cycle through bullet options from a bullet point to acheckbox, to a sub-bullet point, or to a dashed line. In someembodiments, the horizontal continuum may include number lists andmultilevel lists as well. In other embodiments, a first number offingers (e.g., two) may be used to cycle through the continuum of bulletpoint formatting options through vertical swipes, a second number offingers (e.g., three) may be used to cycle through a continuum ofnumbered lists, and a third number of fingers (e.g., four) may be usedto cycle through a continuum of multilevel lists.

As illustrated, a continuum of formatting options may include variousstyles as well, where each style is associated with one to a pluralityof formatting rules. In the illustrated embodiment, a continuum ofstyles 1, 2, and 3 are available by swiping from right to left to cyclethrough the available options along the horizontal continuum.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 16B, the vertical continuum offormatting rules includes fonts and only eight total options areillustrated along the vertical continuum. In other embodiments, anynumber of options may be available along the vertical continuum and mayinclude any of formatting options described herein or combinationsthereof. In some embodiments, swipes in one direction from the defaultformatting rule may move along a continuum of serif fonts and swipes inthe opposite direction may move along a continuum of sans serif fonts.

Thus, it is contemplated that a vertical continuum of formatting optionscan be made accessible to a user via vertical swiping gestures. In someembodiments, it may not matter if the swipe is made with one, two,three, four, or five fingers. In each case, the formatting options fromalong the continuum of formatting options would be applied based on theprevious state and the number of received swipes in a specificdirection.

FIG. 17A illustrates a swipe from left to right 1750 on a touchscreendevice 1700 to select a bold heading formatting option along ahorizontal continuum of formatting options. FIG. 17B illustrates a swipefrom right to left 1750 to revert to a default formatting option along ahorizontal continuum of formatting options.

In the illustrated embodiment, the left and right swiping gestures aremade with three fingers 1725 substantially aligned along the horizontalswipe. In some embodiments, a two-finger swipe or a four-finger swipemay access the same horizontal continuum of formatting options. In otherembodiments, the user 1775 may access distinct continuums of formattingoptions based on the number of figures used.

FIG. 18A illustrates a swipe from left to right 1850 on a touchscreendevice 1800 to select a bullet point formatting option along ahorizontal continuum of formatting options. In some embodiments, asingle-finger swipe may be associated with moving objects or sections oftexts. In such embodiments, a user 1875 may be required to use more thanone finger 1825 to perform swiping gestures to navigate vertical,horizontal, and/or diagonal continuums of formatting options.

FIG. 18B illustrates a second swipe from left to right 1850 to select acheckbox formatting option in a distinct location or state along ahorizontal continuum of formatting options.

FIG. 18C illustrates that a checkbox formatting option can be selectedby swiping from left to right twice 1850 to select a second formattingoption along a horizontal continuum of formatting options. FIG. 18Dillustrates three swipes from left to right 1850 to select a sub-bulletpoint formatting option as a third formatting option along a horizontalcontinuum of formatting options.

FIG. 18E illustrates another example of three swipes 1850 being used toselect a sub-bullet point formatting option along a horizontal continuumof formatting options. FIG. 18F illustrates a long swipe from left toright 1850 to select a second formatting option along a horizontalcontinuum of formatting options without having to perform two distinctswipes, where the first formatting option along the horizontal continuummight have been a normal bullet point. Thus, the text was moved from adefault state to the second formatting option through a single swipinggesture (a long swipe). In some embodiments, the length of the swipe maydetermine how many states or positions along a continuum of formattingoptions should be skipped.

In an alternative embodiment, a swipe or a long swipe (such as thehorizontal swiping gesture illustrated in FIG. 18F) in a particulardirection might be used to cycle through a plurality of formatting rulesor styles. For example, a swipe (or long swipe) to the right might cyclethrough a continuum of formatting rules for as long as the gesture isheld.

In one embodiment, as a user swipes across a text component a firstformatting rule may be applied, as the user continues to swipe in thesame direction a second formatting rule may be applied (instead of or inaddition to the first formatting rule), as the user continues to swipein the same direction a third formatting rule may be applied (instead ofor in addition to the first and second formatting rules), etc. Thenumber of available formatting rules based on the length of swipe mayvary as is practical for a give touch screen, available gestureresolution, and/or desired number of options. The user may stop theswipe between the beginning and end points of the swiping gesture andthe formatting options may be cycled through at a cycle rate determinedvia a configuration setting.

As a specific example, a swipe gesture may follow a continuum offormatting rules based on the length of the swipe and/or the number ofsuccessive swipes in a vertical, horizontal, or diagonal direction. Auser may, for example, begin a swipe and cycle through an underliningformatting rule, a bold formatting rule, and an italics formatting rule.The user may stop the swipe and hold a finger in place on the italicsformatting rule. After a period of time, the previous formatting rules(underlining, bold, and italics) may be cycled through at apredetermined rate. The user may lift the finger (or fingers) from thetouchscreen display when a desired formatting rule is applied to thetext to make a permanent selection of that specific formatting rule.

FIG. 18G illustrates a vertical swipe 1850 from top to bottom to selecta second formatting option along a vertical continuum of formattingoptions. In the illustrated embodiment, the style of the word “cheese”has been changed to be a new font and a specific font size, and anitalics formatting rule has been applied. Thus, with a single swipinggesture, a formatting style defined by multiple formatting rules can beapplied.

FIG. 18H illustrates a diagonal swipe 1850 from top left to bottom rightover a specific letter. In the illustrated embodiment, the diagonalswipe cycles the letter “n” through various formatting rules. In thiscase a ˜ has been applied over the “n”. Subsequent swipes along adiagonal continuum of formatting options might apply various accents.Swipes along a diagonal continuum (perhaps the same continuum or perhapsa perpendicular diagonal continuum) might allow for the selection ofsuperscript and subscript formatting rules.

FIG. 18I illustrates a document that has various formatting optionsapplied using nothing but swiping gestures to select formatting optionsalong vertical, horizontal, and diagonal continuums of formattingoptions. Some of the continuums of formatting options include selectableformatting styles. Each formatting style might include a plurality offormatting rules. In some embodiments, the continuums and/or formattingstyles may be customized by the user. Thus, a user may customize a textediting software platform to provide for easily accessible formattingoptions that are made available through swipes along one or morecontinuums.

Reference throughout this specification to “embodiments,” “anembodiment,” or “the embodiment” means that a particular feature,structure, or characteristic described in connection with thatembodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, the quotedphrases, or variations thereof, as recited throughout this specificationare not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.

The claims following this Detailed Description are hereby expresslyincorporated into this Detailed Description, with each claim standing onits own as a separate embodiment and every combination of any number ofclaims standing on its own as another possible embodiment. For example,this disclosure includes all permutations of the independent claims withtheir dependent claims.

Recitation in the claims of the term “first” with respect to a featureor element does not necessarily imply the existence of a second oradditional such feature or element. Elements recited inmeans-plus-function format are intended to be construed in accordancewith 35 U.S.C. § 112 ¶6. Changes may be made to the details of theabove-described embodiments without departing from the underlyingprinciples of the invention. The scope of the present applicationshould, therefore, be determined only by the following claims.

The invention claimed is:
 1. An electronic input and display device forediting text, comprising: an electronic display for displaying textcomprising a touchscreen display; a gesture input device for receivingat least one of a plurality of gesture input types, the gesture inputdevice comprising a touchscreen digitizer associated with thetouchscreen display; a processor in communication with the electronicdisplay and the gesture input device; and a computer-readable mediumcomprising instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause theprocessor to perform operations for formatting text displayed on theelectronic display, the operations comprising: associating each of theplurality of gesture input types with a set of at least twocorresponding text formatting rules of a plurality of sets of textformatting rules, each particular set of text formatting rules beingassociated with a sequential continuum from a first formatting rule ofthe particular set of text formatting rules to a last formatting rule ofthe particular set of text formatting rules; displaying text via theelectronic display with a current formatting rlue from the plurality ofsets of text formatting rules applied to the text; receiving a firstgesture input via the gesture input device associated with theelectronic display, the first gesture input comprising a first gestureinput type of the plurality of gesture input types; based on the firstgesture input, advancing along a first sequential continuum of textformatting rules in a first direction to a first formatting rule of thefirst sequential continuum of text formatting rules, wherein eachconsecutive received gesture input comprising the first gesture inputtype continues advancement along the first sequential continuum of textformatting rules; and applying the selected formatting rule of the firstsequential continuum of text formatting rules to the text.
 2. The inputand display device of claim 1, wherein the text comprises one of aphrase, a clause, a sentence, a paragraph, a bulleted list item, anumbered list item, and an ordered list item.
 3. The input and displaydevice of claim 1, wherein the plurality of gesture input types includesone or more of a two-finger pinch/spread gesture input, a two-finger tapgesture input, a two-finger twist gesture input, a single-fingerdiagonal swipe gesture input, a mufti-finger diagonal swipe gestureinput, a single-finger horizontal swipe gesture input, a multi-fingerhorizontal swipe gesture input, and a press and hold gesture input. 4.The input and display device of claim 3, wherein each of the pluralityof gesture input types is associated with a subset of the plurality oftext formatting rules such that each of the plurality of gesture inputtypes is associated with a different sequential continuum of textformatting rules that includes at least a subset of the plurality offormatting rules.
 5. The input and display device of claim 4, whereinthe plurality of text formatting rules along the sequential continuumincludes one or more of a bold formatting rule, a quotation formattingrule, an italics formatting rule, a strikethrough formatting rule, abulleted list formatting rule, a numbered list formatting rule, acheckbox formatting rule, a bullet point formatting rule, and ajustification formatting rule.
 6. The input and display device of claim1, wherein the next formatting rule is applied to a subset of thedisplayed text, the subset of displayed text being selected byidentifying a portion of text underlying the received first gestureinput.
 7. The input and display device of claim 1, wherein the nextformatting rule is applied to all of the displayed text as a defaultselection of text in response to no explicit selection being received.8. A method implemented at a computer system that includes one or moreprocessors, for editing text based on received electronic gesture input,comprising: associating each of the plurality of gesture input typeswith a set of at least two corresponding text formatting rules of aplurality of sets of text formatting rules, each particular set of textformatting rules being associated with a sequential continuum from afirst formatting rule of the particular set of text formatting rules toa last formatting rule of the particular set of text formatting rules;displaying text via an electronic display, comprising a touchscreendisplay, with a current formatting rule from the plurality of sets oftext formatting rules applied to the text, the electronic displayincluding a gesture input device for receiving at least one of aplurality of gesture input types, the gesture input device comprising atouchscreen digitizer associated with the touchscreen display; receivinga first gesture input via the gesture input device associated with theelectronic display, the first gesture input comprising a first gestureinput type of the plurality of gesture input types; based on the firstgesture input, advancing along a first sequential continuum of textformatting rules in a first direction to a first formatting rule of thefirst sequential continuum of text formatting rules, wherein eachconsecutive received gesture input comprising the first gesture inputtype provides advancement along the first sequential continuum of textformatting rules; and applying the selected formatting rule of the firstsequential continuum of text formatting rules to the text.
 9. The methodof claim 8, further comprising: receiving a second gesture inputcomprising the first gesture input type and being in the first directionvia the gesture input device; associating the second gesture input withadvancement along the continuum of formatting rules in the firstdirection; and applying a third formatting rule from the continuum offormatting rules to the text.
 10. The method of claim 9, furthercomprising: receiving a third gesture input comprising the first gestureinput type and being in a second direction opposite the first direction,via the gesture input device; associating the third swipe gesture inputwith navigation along the continuum of formatting rules in the seconddirection; and reverting to the second formatting rule from thecontinuum of formatting rules to the text.
 11. The method of claim 8,further comprising: receiving a second gesture input in the firstdirection via the gesture input device; identifying the second swipegesture input as a long swipe gesture input; associating the second,long swipe gesture input with navigation along the continuum offormatting rules in the first direction by two formatting rulepositions; and applying a third formatting rule from the continuum offormatting rules to the text, wherein there is a fourth formatting rulein the continuum of formatting rules between the second formatting ruleand the third formatting rule.
 12. The method of claim 8, wherein thecontinuum of formatting rules is vertically aligned, such thatnavigation of the vertical continuum of formatting rules is accomplishedvia vertical gesture inputs.
 13. The method of claim 8, wherein thecontinuum of formatting rules is diagonally aligned, such thatnavigation of the diagonal continuum of formatting rules is accomplishedvia diagonal gesture inputs.
 14. The method of claim 8, wherein thecontinuum of formatting rules is horizontally aligned, such thatnavigation of the horizontal continuum of formatting rules isaccomplished via horizontal gesture inputs.
 15. A non-transitorycomputer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed bya processor, cause the processor to perform operations for formattingtext, the operations comprising; associating each of the plurality ofgesture input types with a set of at least two corresponding textformatting rules of a plurality of sets of text formatting rules, eachparticular set of text formatting rules being associated with asequential continuum from a first formatting rule of the particular setof text formatting rules to a last formatting rule of the particular setof text formatting rules; displaying text via an electronic displaycomprising a touchscreen display with current formatting rule from theplurality of sets of text formatting rules applied to the text, theelectronic display including a gesture input device, comprising atouchscreen digitizer associated with the touchscreen display, forreceiving at least one of a plurality of gesture input types; receivinga first gesture input via the gesture input device associated with theelectronic display, the first gesture input comprising a first gestureinput type of the plurality of gesture input types; based on the firstgesture input, advancing along a first sequential continuum of textformatting rules in a first direction to a first formatting rule of thefirst sequential continuum of text formatting rules, wherein eachconsecutive received gesture input comprising the first gesture inputtype provides advancement along the first sequential continuum of textformatting rules; and applying the selected formatting rule of the firstsequential continuum of text formatting rules to the text.
 16. Thecomputer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the operations furthercomprise: defining a plurality of continuums of text formatting rules,wherein each of the plurality of continuums includes a subset of theplurality of formatting rules that are sequentially selectable throughgesture inputs; associating each of the plurality of continuums with oneof the plurality of gesture input types; receiving a second gestureinput comprising a second, different gesture input type via the gestureinput device; identifying a second continuum of the plurality ofcontinuums of formatting rules that is different from the continuumassociated with the first gesture input; associating the second gestureinput with advancement along the second continuum of formatting rules;and applying a third formatting rule to the text, the third formattingrule being associated with the second continuum of formatting rules. 17.The computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the operations furthercomprise: defining at least one of the plurality of continuums offormatting rules as a horizontal continuum of formatting rules, whereineach of the formatting rules within the horizontal continuum offormatting rules is sequentially selectable throughhorizontally-oriented gesture inputs.
 18. The computer-readable mediumof claim 16, wherein the operations further comprise: defining at leastone of the plurality of continuums of formatting rules as a pinchcontinuum of formatting rules, wherein each of the formatting ruleswithin the pinch continuum of formatting rules is sequentiallyselectable through collapsing pinch gesture inputs and expanding pinchgesture inputs.
 19. The computer-readable medium of claim 15, whereinthe operations further comprise: receiving a second gesture input viathe gesture input device, the second gesture input comprising anexpanding pinch gesture input; associating the expanding pinch gestureinput with navigation along the continuum of formatting rules in a firstdirection; receiving a third gesture input via the gesture input device,the third gesture input comprising a collapsing pinch gesture input; andassociating the collapsing pinch gesture input with navigation along thecontinuum of formatting rules in a second direction.